. . . . AND THOSE AROUND TRING

CHAPTER XII.

BRILL POST MILL

The old post mill at Brill stands on the ‘Common’, a promontory commanding the most magnificent view of the Vale of Aylesbury.  When taken together with a look around the charming village of Brill, these are added incentives to visit this particular windmill.
 

“There appears to have been a rectory manor of Brill, the rector holding assize of bread and ale for his tenants in 1276.  The manor had a mill in 1086.  Two centuries later a windmill was built here of timber from Bernwood Forest, probably on the site on which John de Moleyns, about 1345, constructed another with oaks felled in his demesne woods.  From that time until 1733 a windmill appears amongst the appurtenances of the manor, of which the ancient windmill now standing may be the survival.”

Victoria County History — A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 4.

The earliest of the mills to which this extract refers were either watermills or mills driven by animals.  By 1345, the windmill had arrived in Britain and that “built here of timber from Bernwood Forest” [17] was probably the beginning of a legacy of wind milling at Brill that lasted until 1924, when the post mill that stands today closed for business.

Judging by the partly obliterated inscription R.C.E. -68-I.C. carved into a beam on its meal floor, Brill post mill was erected by the millwright Rex Carolus for I.C. (possibly Isaac Cummings) during the 1680s:

“Background research and building recording carried out in May and June 2006 by Bonwick Milling Heritage Consultancy.  Dendro-dating obtains a felling date of winter1685/6 for timber from the breast beam, suggesting that construction of the mill took place in 1686, with 2 subsequent datable phases of repairs and alterations.  Building recording suggests a total of 4 phases of repairs: about 1725 when mill was substantially rebuilt, 1757 when mill was again substantially rebuilt [18], 1760 or later and in the mid-19th century.”

Buckinghamshire County Council.

Fig. 12.2: another post-mill once stood on Brill Common.  Built in 1634 and latterly known as Parson’s Mill, it stood on the opposite side of the road to the mill that stands today; in the photograph above it can be seen in the background.  Parson’s Mill was struck by lightning in 1905 and demolished in the following year.  The mound (‘tump’) on which it stood is still clearly visible.  Brill post mill received its roundhouse in 1865.  In poor condition, it was removed in the 1930s, rebuilt in 1950 and again in 2009.

The last of what must have been a long line of millers was Albert Nixey, who took over in 1911 and used it to mill wheat until 1919, although it is believed that he continued to mill barley for animal feed for a further five years.  Mr. Nixey described his mill in the following terms:
 

“The centre-post is square at the base with chamfered corners, and measures 9 feet round its sides; higher up it is rounded and 5½ feet in circumference, diminishing to 4½ feet above.  The bottom part of the post used to be open to the Common; a wall was built round it and roofed in 1864.

Fig. 12.3: “the centre-post is square at the base with chamfered corners.”

Fig. 12.4: “higher up it is rounded and 5½ feet in circumference, diminishing to 4½ feet above.”

The bottom floor of the mill itself (16 feet by 9 feet 3 inches) contains the bin into which the flour runs, and a recently-placed oat-crusher.  To make way for the band which drives the last-named machine, the ‘16,’ of the date ‘1668,’ boldly carved on at tie-beam which supports the upper floor, has been barbarously cut away.  On the floor above are the stones, one pair of burrs for wheat, and one of Peak stones for barley.  There is also on this floor a wheat-dressing machine of a modern kind; a slanting box has a wire screen throughout its length; inside this a spindle carrying brushes revolves rapidly and brushes the fine flour through first, then the toppings, and lastly the bran.

The sails are of the old type with sail-cloths, which are set by fastening one end to the extremity of the sail and unrolling it from the ground; the sails are each 27 feet long and 5 feet wide, and in at good wind they will grind one sack of barley in an hour with one pair of stones.  In this, as in all wind-mills, the main driving wheel is keyed to the sail-beam; the outer rim of this great wooden wheel is acted upon by a curved piece of iron in the manner of a hand-brake. By releasing the levers which control this brake the mill is started.”

From In Buckinghamshire, by G. Elland (1923)

In 1928, the mill, by then in a poor state of repair, was offered for sale . . . .

As anyone who lives in an old mill soon discovers, the cost of its upkeep is by no means trivial and requires a deep pocket:

“Brill’s Famous Windmill — A 17th century windmill at Brill, one of Buckinghamshire’s historic landmarks, is to be taken over by Bucks County Council, who will be responsible for its future repair, maintenance and management.  The mill is included in the inventory of historical monuments in Buckinghamshire, which the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments selected as especially worthy for preservation.  In 1929 Alderman Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher bought the windmill to save it from destruction, and since then it has been maintained by trustees.  The only fund available to the trustees has been interest on £70 invested in railway stock and the infrequent sixpences of visitors to the mill.  Mr. Rex Wailes, an expert on windmills, has advised that it will not be possible to save the mill much longer on the present funds, and in view of this the County Planning Committee, satisfied that it would be desirable to preserve the mill, recommended Bucks County Council, meeting in Aylesbury yesterday, to accept voluntary conveyance of the windmill together with the invested funds of £70, and to undertake its future repair, maintenance and management.”

The Bucks Free Press, 28th February 1947

Windmills are particularly vulnerable to the ravishes of the weather, and a mill of all-wooden construction particularly so.  By 1947, Bill windmill was again in need of urgent attention when a storm took off one of its sails — which in turn split the brake-wheel  — and damaged the outer fabric of the mill, while other repairs were needed to the mill’s machinery and internal structure which in places had fallen victim to woodworm.  The work was carried out by a team led by the windmill author Stanley Freece. [19]  Probably the most evident external feature to come out of this work was the restoration of the roundhouse, the original having been taken down when repairs made in the 1930s.  In the immediate post-war years, when building materials were in short supply, Freece was fortunate not only in obtaining the services of a retired bricklayer to carry out much of the work, but being given gratis the necessary bricks from a kiln that had been demolished when the last of Brill’s many brick and tile yards closed.  Others also contributed to the restoration.  The new roundhouse was completed in 1950 and, according to Freece, the restoration of the mill’s interior was completed with a liberal dose with creosote.

In 1967 the Council installed a structural steel framework to help support the mill’s ancient timber frame, but as a result it can no longer be revolved on its post to face the wind.

Fig. 12.9: Brill post mill, showing the new roundhouse
and the tail pole, used to wind the mill

By the turn of the Millenium, leakage and weathering was causing timber decay, to the extent that the structural integrity of the Grade-II listed mill was placed “At risk”.  The Brill Windmill Management Group was established in 2007 to help plan a restoration project and to seek the necessary funds.  With funding of £280,000 from English Heritage and Waste Recycling Environmental Limited, full repair could go ahead.  Work commenced in 2008, during which the need to remove the trestle timbers required holes to be cut through the roundhouse walls.  This revealed that the bricks and mortar used in the 1950 rebuild were of poor quality — in fact, the surface of some of the external brickwork was flaking.  The roundhouse could not therefore be dismantled and its bricks recycled, and a new roundhouse had to be built.

Preservation work was completed by July 2009.  The mill is now structurally sound and is again open to the public.

Fig. 12.11: the Millenium Window depicting the mill in stained glass.
Stewart Bowman (1999), All Saints Church, Brill